How To Do An In-Depth Technical SEO Audit (+ Free Checklist)

To put it simply, if your website’s technical SEO isn’t on point – you’re not going to rank well on Google.

As an experienced digital marketer and SEO expert, I understand this very well. Having great content and backlinks isn’t enough when it comes to ranking in the top positions of Google search. If you really want to dominate the search engine results pages, you want to make sure that your website’s Technical SEO is perfect.

Conducting a full technical Search engine optimization audit can be a pretty daunting task.

Lucky for you, I’ve broken down each of these SEO elements and have provided helpful checklists and templates for you to follow.

From the most basic level of ensuring that Google can crawl and index your content to more advanced techniques that look into site speed, mobile SEO, JavaScript SEO and more, I’ll be with you every step of the way.

What is a Technical SEO Audit?

A Technical SEO audit is a process that is meant to identify and fix the technical issues that could make it harder for Google to crawl, index and rank your site.

And to put it simply, make life easy for Google,
and they make life easy for you.

Common issues often discovered during a Technical search engine optimization audit include poor site architecture, broken links, slow page load speed, or display issues on mobile devices.

The technical SEO audit is an important part of a website’s SEO strategy and should be one of the first things that you look into to improve your visibility in the Google search results.

Why Are Technical SEO Audits Important?

Technical SEO Audits are important because even if you’ve spent a long time creating excellent content, your users may not even see it if there are issues with your website’s crawlability and indexability.

However, even if your site can be found by internet users, its rankings could be hurt by performance-related technical factors. Page load time is a ranking factor, which means that a slow website is unlikely to reach top spots in SERPs (search engine results page).

Internet users are even less patient than Google crawlers and will leave your website if it takes ages to load.

Likewise, a poorly structured website can also lead to confusion among your users. A site that is easy to navigate leads to a better user experience, and consequently, generates more leads.

During a technical search engine optimization audit, you could also find out that mobile users face numerous problems while browsing your website. Given the fact that mobile devices generate more than half of worldwide web traffic, such issues could lead to a terrible loss of revenue. Let’s also not forget that mobile-friendliness is a ranking factor.

Technical SEO Audit Checklist

Here’s what tools we recommend in order to complete your Technical site Audit:

Crawlability & Indexability

As we’ve already mentioned, making sure that your site content can be crawled and indexed is a critical aspect of technical SEO.

Google “crawls” the internet through links in order to find content.
If they can’t find it, then it doesn’t exist in their eyes.

In this section of our technical SEO audit guide, we’ll walk you through the various in which you can audit your website for technical SEO issues related to crawling and indexing.

Robots.txt

What is the Robots.txt file and Why Is It Important?

A robots.txt file is a file that instructs search engine crawlers which pages or files they can and can’t access on your website.

For example, if you have an eCommerce site , then you don’t want search engines to access sensitive pages like the cart or checkout page.

It’s worth noting that…

The robots.txt should not be used to hide pages from Google
(or other search engines).

Why? Because your web page may still be indexed by Google if other sites have linked to it with descriptive text.

Robots.txt Audit Checklist

Here’s what ours looks like: https://thesearchinitiative.com/robots.txt

And here’s the robots.txt for: https://searchengineland.com/robots.txt

Below are examples of search engines and their respective user-agents (i.e. what the search engine identifies as):

Helpful tip: use the asterisk (*) wildcard. This is a special character that allows you to assign rules to all user-agents.

# this directive blocks all crawlers
User-agent: *
Disallow: /

# this directive grants access to all crawlers
User-agent: *
Allow: /

Below are some examples of wildcards you can use:

For example, the below set of rules prevents all user agents from accessing URLs in the /product/ subfolder that may contain a question mark.

# this directive grants access to all crawlers
User-agent: *
Disallow: /products/*?

# this directive grants access to all crawlers
# This directive blocks all user-agents from accessing PDF files.
User-agent: *
Disallow: /*.pdf$

For example, if your robots.txt had the following set of rules:

User-agent: Googlebot
Disallow: /subfolder-a/

User-agent: Googlebot
Disallow: /subfolder-b/

Google would still follow both directives.

But, it could quickly get pretty confusing if your robots.txt has many rules. Therefore, something like the following is much better and cleaner:

User-agent: Googlebot
Disallow: /subfolder-a/
Disallow: /subfolder-b/

Technical SEO Fact: the robots.txt file was originally introduced to prevent search engine bots from overloading websites with multiple requests.

XML Sitemaps

What is an XML Sitemap?

An XML sitemap (or sitemap) is an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file used to tell search engines where to find the most important content on websites.

XML Sitemap Audit Checklist

Below, we’ve outlined some simple checks that you should follow when auditing your XML sitemap as part of your technical site audit.

Here’s an example of how this might look like:

If you want a full list of possible on-page optimizations, I’ve put together a guide on how to audit the On-Page elements of your web pages.

Here’s the XML sitemap for The Search Initiative: https://thesearchinitiative.com/sitemap.xml

If you do not currently have a sitemap, you can create one manually or by using a tool like this XML Sitemap Generator from Screaming Frog.

If your website is on WordPress, your life is about to get much easier as there are many SEO plugins such as Google XML Sitemaps and Yoast that will automatically generate your sitemap(s) for you.

Index Bloating

A very common technical SEO issue that most websites tend to face, is index bloating.

Sometimes, Googlebot (Google’s web crawler) will crawl and index pages that simply offer no value to the end-user. These pages “bloat” your index and use up precious crawl budget as Google spends time unnecessarily crawling and indexing them.

Below are some simple checks you can make in order to identify the types of pages that cause index bloating.

Once you’ve carried out these checks, follow this awesome guide from Ahrefs on how to go about removing them from Google’s index.

Pagination

Paginated pages being indexed by Google can cause serious duplicate content issues. This is a common problem for eCommerce websites that may have thousands of products and hundreds of categories.

To quickly check whether your paginated pages being indexed, use the following site searches:

In the below example, we can see that the Zara website has over 14,000 paginated pages that have been indexed.

Tags

Adding tags to your WordPress or eCommerce sites is useful in organizing the content on your website, but it can also create SEO issues such as duplicate content.

To quickly check whether you have any tagged pages indexed in the SERPs (search engine results page), use the following site searches:

Don’t believe this is important?  Here are the before-and-after results of a client we had in the eCommerce space where one of the things we did was remove /tag/ pages from the index.

Check out the full case study here.

HTTP Pages

If your website isn’t on HTTPS (you really should move over to HTTPS!), then it’s a given that all of your HTTP pages will be indexed. However, if you’ve made the move to HTTPS, there’s still a chance that some of the HTTP versions of your pages are indexed.

To check this, use the following site searches:

We can see below, that the Zara website also currently has over 2k HTTP pages indexed by Google – these are unnecessarily wasting crawl budget and creating duplicate content issues.

Serving Both www. and non-www. Pages

If your website serves pages with www., then it’s important that there aren’t any non-www. pages being indexed by Google as this causes further duplication.

To check this, use the following site searches:

If we look at the River Island website, we can see that by default, it serves www. pages: https://www.riverisland.com/. However, there are still almost 56k pages without www. indexed by Google.

Having this many duplicate pages can be incredibly problematic and impact a website’s performance in the search engine rankings.

eCommerce Empty Category Pages

As a customer, one of the worst feelings is landing on a page to find that the website whose page you clicked doesn’t actually sell the product you’re looking for but still has a page for that category of products. This isn’t just an experience issue, but an indexing issue too.

To spot empty categories that may be indexed, use the following site search:

Or, for even quicker results, run your website through a crawling tool like Screaming Frog and filter your category pages by word count.

The River Island website currently has over 15k pages that contain “0 products found”.

Not only could having this many empty category pages result in a thin content penalty from Google (which you really don’t want), it also spoils the user’s experience as the page doesn’t provide them with what they’re looking for.

eCommerce Sorting & Views

eCommerce websites allow you to sort and filter products in a number of ways – from sizes and colors to price and popularity. This is great for user experience as it means that your customers can easily find what they are looking for.

But from an SEO perspective, this can cause technical issues as these pages are identical to the original page that the user landed on, the only difference is the order of the products.

Identify pages containing these kinds of variants in the index via the following site searches:

Below, we can see examples of these automatically generated (and indexed) URLs on the River Island website.

https://www.riverisland.com/c/women/holiday-shop?f-design=stripe&sort=price-lo-hi

At this point, I’d like to say “Thanks for being a good sport, River Island.”  🙂

Others

Here’s a list of other possible cases of index bloat that you should look out for a while completing your technical search engine optimization audit:

As we’ve seen, each of these types of pages cause duplicate content problems which can hinder your website’s SEO performance.

Meta Robots Tag

What is the Meta Robots Tag & Why Is It Important?

The meta robots tag (or meta tag) is one method that allows you to specify how you want web crawlers to crawl the web pages on your website.

This is because all pages on the Internet will be crawled and indexed by search engine bots unless told otherwise. In other words, they are set by default to “index,follow”.

For example, you can use meta robots directives to prevent bots from crawling pages that may be in your development/staging environment or those that may contain thin/duplicate content.

Meta Robots Tag Audit Checklist

X-Robots Tag

What is the X-Robots Tag & Why Is It Important?

The X-Robots tag is an element of the HTTP header that controls the indexing of web pages as well as specific elements of a page. Using this method is great if you want to prevent Google (and other search engines) from indexing resources that aren’t HTML pages like images of PDF files.

Here’s an example of what an X-Robots tag would look like:

X-Robots Tag Audit Checklist

Here are a few tips you can use when implementing the X-Robots tag on your website:

<FilesMatch “.(doc|pdf)$”>
Header set X-Robots-Tag “noindex, noarchive, nosnippet”
</FilesMatch>

Canonical Tag

What is a Canonical Tag & Why Is It Important?

The canonical tag is a way of specifying which version of any duplicate pages you want search engines to treat as the master copy and index. The tag was created by Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft in 2009 to allow webmasters to solve duplicate content issues.

For example, if we had the following two pages with the same content:

https://yourdomain.com/master-page/

https://yourdomain.com/secondary-page/

Then, we would add the following code to the /secondary-page/:

<link rel=“canonical” href=“https://yourdomain.com/master-page/” />

This tells Google that we want to treat the URL https://yourdomain.com/master-page/ as the master (canonical) page.

Canonical Tag Checklist

Here’s a quick checklist you should follow when implementing canonicals on your website:

This means that you should use:

<link rel=“canonical” href=“https://example.com/master-page/” />

Instead of just:

<link rel=“canonical” href=”/master-page/” />

This means that you should use:

<link rel=“canonical” href=“https://example.com/master-page/” />

Instead of:

<link rel=“canonical” href=”https://example.com/Master-page/” />

If your website has switched over to HTTPS, then you should ensure that your target URLs don’t include any HTTP pages.

This means that you should use:

<link rel=“canonical” href=“https://example.com/master-page/” />

Instead of:

<link rel=“canonical” href=”http://example.com/Master-page/” />

A self-referential canonical tag is basically adding a canonical tag to a page that points to itself.

For example, if we wanted to add one to https://example.com/master-page, then we would add the following to its <head> section (or HTTP header):

Instead of:

<link rel=“canonical” href=“https://example.com/master-page” />

When carrying out an audit of the canonical tags on your website, ask yourself the following questions:

If the answers to these questions are, yes, yes and no, then you’re all good!

HTTP Status Codes

When conducting your technical SEO audits, it’s important to look at the HTTP status codes that your pages return.

HTTP status codes are essentially part of the “handshake” that occurs between servers and browsers to determine the status of a web page.

Although there are many HTTP status codes out there, there are 5 main types that are important to SEO.

We’ll focus on the two most important classifications of HTTP status codes that can be problematic for your SEO: redirects (301 and 302) and client errors (specifically 404).

To quickly audit the HTTP status codes that your web pages return, use the SEO Spider tool from Screaming Frog.

301 Moved Permanently

A 301 response code is returned by the server when a URL that the user has requested has been permanently moved to a new location.

The way you implement and handle these kinds of redirects is incredibly important in ensuring that you don’t lose any of your precious search engine rankings.

If your website runs on Apache web servers, the most common way to implement a 301 redirect, is via your website’s .htaccess file which is usually located in your site’s root directory. If your site runs on Nginx, read this and if it runs on Windows/IIS then follow this guide.

For Apache users, add the following line of code to your .htaccess file if you want to…

Redirect 301 /old-page.html /new-page.html

Redirect 301 / https://www.new-domain.com/

Redirect 301 / https://www.your-domain.com/subfolder/

RewriteEngine on
RewriteBase /
rewritecond %{http_host} ^your-domain.com [nc]
rewriterule ^(.*)$ https://www.your-domain.com/$1 [r=301,nc]

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]

You can find a more comprehensive guide on implementing 301 redirects here.

If your site runs on WordPress, there are a bunch of super useful plugins like the free Redirection plugin that eliminates the need for you to edit the .htaccess file entirely.

In case you didn’t know, 301 redirects are great because they pass on the majority of the original URL’s ranking power to the new URL.

You should use a 301 redirect:

When auditing 301 redirects, you should look out for:

Use this HTTP status checker to identify redirect chains.

To fix a redirect chain:

To fix an infinite redirect chain:

To fix broken redirects:

302 Found / Moved Temporarily

A 302 redirect indicates that the URL exists (i.e. it’s been found by the server), but that it has been temporarily moved to a new URL.

For example, you may want to use a 302 redirect if you’re temporarily updating a sales page on your product.

When auditing the 302 redirects on your website:

404 Not Found

The 404 Not Found code is perhaps the most common (and arguably most frustrating) of status codes that users will have encountered. They essentially tell the user that the resource they’re trying to access cannot be found by the server and likely no longer exists.

Needless to say, 404 errors are detrimental to the user’s experience of your website.

When auditing your website for 404 errors:

This page should:

The quickest way to find 404 errors is to crawl your website using a tool like Screaming Frog.

Soft 404s

A Soft 404 error is where a page that no longer exists (because it may have been deleted) displays a “page not found” message to the user but doesn’t actually return an HTTP 404 status code.

In other words, they tell the user that the page doesn’t exist, but tell search engines, that the page does exist.

This should be avoided as it essentially tells search engines that the page is legitimate and as a result will not lead to that page being indexed. In addition, this also leads to unnecessary crawling and recrawling of the page.

An example of a Soft 404 page could be empty tag pages that display no content.

Here’s how to combat Soft 404s:

Crawl Errors

What are Crawl Errors?

Crawl errors refer to problems that Googlebot encountered while trying to crawl the content on your website.

You can access your crawl errors via Google Search Console > Coverage

Crawl errors are divided into two groups:

Each page on your site will have one of the following four statuses:

Why are Crawl Errors Important?

The answer to this one’s quite simple.

If Google (and other search engines for that matter) can’t crawl your content, it won’t rank.

Looking at the Index Coverage report on Google Search Console to see if your content has been crawled, is a vital step when you perform a technical SEO audit.

Crawl Errors Audit Checklist

You can find out more on how to fix each of these issues from the Index Coverage report on Google Search Console here.

Site Speed Optimization

Apart from identifying crawlability and indexing problems, a thorough technical search engine optimization audit should also highlight performance issues.

What is Site Speed?

According to Google, site speed “reflects how quickly a website responds to web requests”.

Google measures your website’s load times by looking at “the speed of all the pages that make up your site based on real-world data”.

This data is collected via the Chrome User Experience Report (CrUX) which is updated on a monthly basis.

Why is Site Speed Important?

Google has explicitly confirmed site speed as an SEO ranking factor in 2010 – that alone should be reason enough.

This means that websites that are slow to load will lose out on rankings, search traffic, conversions, and operational costs.

For users, a slow loading website means a poor experience – which will result in a high bounce rate (how quickly users leave your site).

Need some proof?

The above is taken from a Google study that shows how bounce rates increase in correlation with slow loading times.

Still don’t believe us?

Here’s a case study showing how we improved our eCommerce client’s page load times helped achieve 93.20% more transactions and almost 40% more revenue.

Therefore, looking at how fast your site loads is undoubtedly one of the most important technical SEO factors when conducting an SEO audit.

What is Page Speed?

Page speed is the time taken for an individual page to load.

This is determined and measured by a number of metrics that encapsulate various different stages of the load time.

For example, the First Input Delay (FID) metric looks at the time taken for a web page to respond to a user interaction (i.e. clicking on a link), whereas First Meaningful Paint (FMP) measures the time taken for enough content to load so that the user/search engine can read it.

Why is Page Speed Important?



Simply put, page speed is important because it’s also an SEO ranking factor.

Regardless of whether or not your overall website loads fast, if a specific web page is slow, it will struggle to rank against its faster competitors for its keywords.

Why? Because Google’s goal is to provide its users with the best possible experience for each query, which means it will prioritise faster loading pages over slower loading pages in the organic search results.

As a result, making sure the web pages on your site are quick to load for your target audience should be a priority.

Site & Page Speed Optimization Audit Checklist

To make your technical SEO audit process as easy as possible, we’ve put together a checklist that you can use to optimize your website’s site and page speeds.

Measuring Site & Page Speed

Let’s take a look at how you can measure your website’s performance using Google Analytics and other third party tools.

Site Speed

To measure your website’s loading times, head over to Google Analytics and navigate to: Behaviour > Site Speed > Overview

Here, you’ll find the average loading times for your site based on various metrics as well as how these speeds vary based on the browser and location of your visitors.

To view a breakdown of the times on a page level, navigate to: Behaviour > Site Speed > Page Timings

This will allow you to identify pages that (on average) had slower load times for users over a given period.

For example, pages that take longer than four seconds are considered slow.

Page Speed

Some great SEO tools for measuring page speed are GTMetrix and Pingdom.

Google’s own tool called PageSpeed Insights is probably one of the best SEO audit tools for measuring performance on both desktop and mobile.

All you have to do is enter your web page’s URL and click “ANALYZE”.

The boohooMAN website above clearly needs some improvements!

Each page is given a Performance Score out of 100 based on various metrics from field data (real-world users) and lab data (theoretical scores based on Google’s own testing).

You can find out more about what kinds of speeds you need to aim for in order to achieve a “Good”, “Needs Improvement” and “Poor” rating here.

The report also conveniently lists opportunities to help improve your page’s technical performance.

Fixing Site & Page Speed

Now, let’s take a look at the key steps you can take to maximize your SEO efforts by improving your site’s load times.

Here are some tools you can use to minify HTML, JS and CSS.

We hope the steps outlined above make your technical search engine optimization audit a bit easier. If you need more information on how to go about optimizing your website’s speed, check out this brilliant article from Moz outlining more of the best practices.

Advanced Technical SEO

If you want to take your technical SEO audit even further, you should consider reviewing the following technical elements.

In this section, we’ll show you how to audit technical SEO factors like structured data, mobile SEO, server log file analysis, HTTPS and JavaScript SEO.

Each of these SEO elements are crucial for ensuring that your site’s technical SEO is at its best.

Structured Data & Schema Markup

Structured data is probably one of the more complex components of a Technical SEO site audit.

Although having some knowledge of coding is useful, it’s not essential in learning how to add structured data to your website because there are lots of great tools available that help simplify the process.

But, you definitely need to know what structured data is and why it’s important to focus on it when you carry out your next SEO site audit.

What is Structured Data?

Structured Data (or schema markup) helps search engines to understand what your web pages are about.

The methodology was put together by the major search engines (Google, Bing, Yandex, Yahoo!) to allow webmasters to do this using a “structured” format via JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data).

For example, if you have a page for a Salted Caramel Ice Cream recipe, humans can easily identify important information such as the ingredients, cooking time(s) and nutritional value, etc.

However, search engines need a little hand.

A nice analogy we like to use is to think about structured data as being the content that you’re writing for search engines.

Why is Structured Data Important?

Structured data is worth including in your technical SEO audit because it has a big impact on how your web pages appear in the search results pages.

Below is an example of a web page with structured data that is ranking for “salted caramel ice cream recipe”:

And here’s one without structured data:

If you’re still not convinced, SearchEngineLand found that marking up your content can increase your CTR (click-through rate) by up to 30% and in turn, yield more organic traffic to your web pages.

This is one of many reasons why looking at structured data should be a vital component of your technical SEO audits.

Structured Data Audit Checklist

To make things as easy as possible for you, here’s a checklist you can use for your schema markup audit:

But here’s a list of the most common types that you’ll likely need:

All you have to do is:

Mobile SEO

Another massive component of a technical SEO audit is Mobile SEO.

What is Mobile SEO?

Mobile SEO is the art of optimizing your site to make it as friendly as possible for smartphone and tablet users.

For search engines, it’s about ensuring that your resources are easily accessible for its crawlers.

Why is Mobile SEO Important?

Mobile SEO is important because as of 2016, the majority of Google searches are now made via a mobile device.

Poorly optimized mobile sites result in an equally poor experience for the user. For instance, if your mobile site is slow to load or users have to pinch/zoom-in to access content, they’ll likely leave your site and check out your competitors instead.

Here’s an interesting mobile SEO fact….

Google found that 77% of mobile searches occur at home or at work. So even where desktop computers are likely to be present, users are opting to search on mobile devices.

Therefore, having a mobile-friendly site for your target audience is more important than ever before in SEO.

This (unsurprising) shift in search behavior led to Google changing the way it approaches its crawling and indexing.

In 2018, the search engine rolled out mobile-first indexing, which means that Google now uses the mobile version of your site to determine the search ranking for both desktop and mobile searches.

This is why mobile SEO is one of the most important elements of a technical SEO audit.

The good news is that there are lots of SEO audit tools and reports on Google Search Console that you can utilize to help make the auditing process much easier.

Mobile SEO Audit Checklist

We’ve put together this Mobile SEO audit checklist outlining some of the best practices and common pitfalls that you should avoid.

Your should use RWD because:

Add a meta viewport tag to the head of your web pages to let the user’s web browser know that you’re using RWD.

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

Here’s a great SEO tool that lets you see how your site responds to various screen sizes.

To find out more about the best practices for mobile-first indexing, check out this article from Google.

Here are some examples of popups that Google deems acceptable.

And some that should be avoided:

So if you want to avoid any penalties from Google and create a better search experience for your target audience, ensure that the above guidelines are followed.

Following the above points when carrying out your SEO audit for mobile will undoubtedly help improve your site’s ranking ability.

Whether it’s the mobile usability reports on Google Search Console or the Mobile-Friendly Test tool, don’t forget to make the most of the SEO tools available to you. They’ll make your technical search engine optimization audit a breeze!

Server Log File Analysis

Now we’re really getting technical!

If you really want to take your technical SEO audit to the next level, you’re going to want to read this next section on server log file analysis.

What is a Server Log File?

A server log file is a file that automatically records information about every HTTP request made to your web server.

This includes information such as the IP address of the client, the timestamp, the type of HTTP request, the requested URL, the HTTP status code of the URL that the server returned as well as the user agent (i.e. web crawlers).

Why Should You Analyze Your Server Log File?

An often overlooked part of a technical SEO audit, log file analysis is vital to providing insights into the technical aspects of your site.

Here are the benefits of analyzing your server log file for SEO:

As we can see, your server log file provides lots of useful information about how your site is being crawled, allowing you to understand and make the most of your crawl budget.

Server Log File Audit Checklist

Now that you know why server log file analysis is beneficial to your SEO efforts, let’s look at how you can make it part of your technical search engine optimization audit.

To download and access your log files, use the following:

Or, you can download the file manually from your cPanel where it’ll be listed under Raw Access.

To audit your log files, we recommend either using the Log File Analyzer tool from Screaming Frog or JetOctopus’s log analyzer.

Both of these SEO tools are brilliant, but for the scope of this checklist, we’ll be using Screaming Frog.

Here’re the checks you should make once you’ve run the log file audit:

HTTPS

What is HTTP & Why Is It Important?

If you’ve yet to make the switch to HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure), then it’s about time you did.

It’s a known fact that switching your site over from HTTP to HTTPS will give your site a subtle boost in search engine rankings – in other words, it’s a confirmed (albeit lightweight) SEO ranking factor.

Aside from this, it’s also great for security and user experience as it means that your visitors’ data will stay protected and secure.

As a result, they’ll be more likely to enter sensitive data such as their payment details into your site.

As John Mueller states in the above tweet, all you need is a free certificate from Let’s Encrypt!

HTTPS Audit Checklist

Here are some basic SEO checks you should make when shifting over to HTTPS:

After you’ve made the move to HTTPS, here are a few things to keep in mind:

It’s funny how a single letter in the URLs of your website can affect its SEO performance! But as we’ve seen, the benefits of shifting your site from HTTP to HTTPs extends beyond SEO – so we highly recommend that you make the move.

JavaScript SEO

Most modern sites are built using JavaScript (JS for short), a programming language that is indicated using a <script> tag within HTML code, or via separate .js files.

JavaScript allows webmasters to create a richer user experience as it allows for better interactivity by dynamically updating content.

What is JavaScript SEO?

JavaScript SEO is an important aspect of technical SEO with the aim of optimizing JavaScript-heavy sites so that they are as search engine-friendly as possible.

In other words, it’s about making sure that your JS code is easy for Google to crawl and index.

Why is JavaScript SEO Important?

JavaScript SEO is important because Google now has to render JS code before it can index a web page.

Above is a diagram from Google outlining the steps it takes to crawl, render and index a page.

We won’t go into detail about how this works, but what you need to know at this stage, is that if your JS isn’t implemented properly, Google will struggle to fully crawl, render and index your web pages.

It goes without saying, if Google is unable to perform these three steps, your website will not perform well in the search rankings.

JavaScript SEO Checklist

Unsurprisingly, we’ve put together a nifty JavaScript SEO audit checklist to help ensure that your JS code can be crawled, rendered, and indexed by Google.

To prevent this from happening, add the following rules to your robots.txt:

User-Agent: Googlebot
Allow: .js
Allow: .css

Remember, Google doesn’t index these pages, but you need to make them accessible so that they can be crawled and rendered.

Use the TEST LIVE URL button to start Google’s rendering test.

After a few minutes, you’ll see a new tab titled LIVE TEST appear along with a display like this.

Here, you should look for anything that suggests that some of the content is missing due to blocked resources. Click VIEW TESTED PAGE > MORE INFO to view any renderability errors.

To do this, use a simple site search.

site:yourdomain.com/your-page/

Here’s what you should see if it’s been indexed:

And if not, this is what you’ll see:

To check whether certain parts of your content was “seen” by Google, use a site search like the below.

site:yourdomain.com/your-page/ “some content from your page”

You can also check whether your JS content is indexed via the URL Inspection tool (on Google Search Console) via the GOOGLE INDEX tab, and clicking on VIEW CRAWLED PAGE.

Here are some checks you can make in case your JS was not rendered by Google:

For example if this line of code:

<meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow">

Appears before this JavaScript code:

<script>
// this is some JavaScript code
</script>

Then Googlebot will skip rendering the JavaScript code and will not index the page.

For example: https://example.com/web-page-with-hash-#

This is common with pagination pages on eCommerce sites where customers can “click to view more products”.

To prevent this, ensure that you use static links to help Googlebot reach those pagination pages.

If you’ve never thought about looking at your JavaScript code, we hope that you will now.

By making JS a part of your technical SEO audit, you’ll be doing your website’s search presence a massive favor by making sure that it can be crawled, rendered and indexed by search engines.

Remember, the best place to find and fix JS issues is via the Mobile-Friendly Test or the URL inspection tool in Google Search Console.

For more information on the basics of JavaScript SEO, check out this useful article from Google.

Site Structure

The next technical SEO element we’ll focus on is site structure.

What is Site Structure?

Site structure refers to how the content on your website is organized and importantly, how this content is linked together.

Why is Site Structure important?

How you structure your website (and the information within it) is important for both users and search engines.

For Users

A well-structured site makes it much easier for users to navigate and find the information they’re looking for – it improves their experience.

An added benefit is that your pages will have a chance of appearing as sitelinks in the search engine results page.

A sitelink is where Google displays a core landing page (commonly the homepage), along with several other relevant internal pages.

These are great for improving click-through rates (as they take up more space on the results page), offer a better insight into your site’s structure for users, and also helps build more trust and authority within your business/site.

For Search Engines

Having a meaningful and logical structure makes it easier for search engines to understand how your content is related as well as improves crawlability and indexability.

On top of this, by linking your pages properly, you’ll be maximizing your SEO efforts by passing precious PageRank across your site.

Site Structure Audit Checklist

Whether you’re designing a new site or want to audit your structure, here are the core things you should keep in mind:

Adopting this approach (as opposed to a deep site structure where pages can be accessed by more than 4 clicks), ensures that you’re passing link authority to and from all of your pages.

Using Screaming Frog to crawl your site, you can visualize your current architecture with ease.

The tool also has a dedicated “Site Structure” tab which shows you an aggregated directory tree view of the website.

Content siloing allows you to organize your site content based on topical relevance and the perceived search intent of the user at various stages of their search journey.

Here’s an example of how you might do this if you have an online business selling Audio equipment:

• https://audiohaven.com/ – homepage
  • https://audiohaven.com/turntables/ – key silo category page (high level categories)
    • https://audiohaven.com/turntables/brands/ – category page
      • https://audiohaven.com/turntables/brands/rega/ – sub category page
        • https://audiohaven.com/turntables/brands/rega/rega-rp1/ – product page
          • https://audiohaven.com/turntables/blog/setting-up-your-rega-rp1/ – blog page

The idea here is to guide your prospective client or visitor through a particular funnel that eventually leads them to your core money page(s).

Add internal links to and from relevant web pages on your site.

In our example from above, we would add a link from the /turntables/ page to the /brands/ page, and a link from the /brands/ page to the /rega/ page etc. This way, you create a clear and simple path for Google to follow.

Your site structure may be something you had overlooked when designing your website. But the good news is that you can still turn things around and enhance your SEO performance by including it when you carry out your next technical SEO audit.

The Bottom Line

Conducting a technical SEO audit is the cornerstone of every successful SEO campaign.

By following our comprehensive technical search engine optimization audit guide on index bloating, you’ll be able to ensure that search engines can discover and index your content. After all, if search engine bots can’t find your pages, they’ll never be able to rank

You’ve also seen the benefits of analyzing the performance of your site by making sure that it loads quickly for both mobile and desktop users. After all, if your web pages take too long to load, users won’t stay on your site.

We also highlighted the importance of other technical SEO factors such as JavaScript SEO and server log file analysis as well as looked at why you should optimize your site structure.

Ask yourself: is my website’s technical SEO on point? If not, you now know what to do… you need to do a technical SEO audit!

Matt is the founder of Diggity Marketing, LeadSpring, The Search Initiative, The Affiliate Lab, and the Chiang Mai SEO Conference. He actually does SEO too.